Placental NAD+ Declines with Maternal Age: What New Research Reveals About CD38, NR, and NMN

A new study in Nature Communications links declining placental NAD+ in older mothers with increased CD38 expression and activity in placental macrophages. Preclinical studies in aged mice showed th...

The Different Forms of Nicotinamide Riboside: Comparing NR Chloride, NR Hydrogen Malate, NRH, and More

Nicotinamide riboside exists in several distinct chemical forms, each differing in structure, evidence base, and regulatory status. This overview examines the different forms of NR, including NRCl,...

What Is Metabolic Health, and Where Do NAD+ and GLP-1s Fit In?

As interest in metabolic health continues to grow, many people are asking how NAD+ and GLP-1 therapies fit into the broader picture of metabolic wellness. This article explains the science behind b...

What Is Oxidative Stress? Causes, Biomarkers, and the NAD+ Connection

Oxidative stress is a fundamental biological process that sits at the intersection of mitochondrial function, inflammation, DNA repair, and aging. Learn what oxidative stress is, how researchers me...

NAD+ and Autoimmune Disease: What the Research Shows Across Seven Conditions

Autoimmune diseases remain among the most challenging conditions in modern medicine, with treatments that manage symptoms rather than address underlying causes. An emerging body of research is begi...

What Is Inflammaging? The Role of NAD+ in Chronic Inflammation and Aging

Inflammation is one of the body's most essential defense mechanisms, but when it becomes chronic, it can become a primary driver of aging. Explore the science of inflammaging, the connection betwee...

NAD+ and Rare Diseases: The Shared Biology Behind Orphan Conditions

Expert-reviewed by Dr. Vilhelm Bohr, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. Key Takeaways Shared mechanism: Many genetically distinct rare diseases converge on the same downstream problems: mitochondrial failure, im...

What Is Mitochondrial Health? Energy, NAD+, and the Science of Aging

Mitochondrial decline is now recognized as a hallmark of aging and a driving mechanism behind many age-related conditions. Learn more about mitochondrial health, the role of NAD+ in supporting it, ...

The Role of NAD+ in Muscle Health, Aging, and Physical Performance

NAD+ is essential to nearly every process that keeps muscles functioning–from powering contractions to repairing damage after exercise. But levels decline significantly with age, and the impact on ...

Does NAD+ Decline with Age? Yes, But Blood NAD+ and Tissue NAD+ Are Not the Same

A newly published study reports that whole blood NAD+ does not decline with age, failing to account for well-documented tissue-specific declines. Human data from brain, muscle, skin, and liver cont...

NAD+ and Brain Health: What the Science Actually Says About Aging, Neurodegeneration, and Cognitive Function

NAD+ is one of the most important molecules in your brain, and it declines with age. From Alzheimer's and Parkinson's to mild cognitive impairment, scientists are uncovering how that decline may dr...

Inside the NAD for Health Conference in Copenhagen: Key Takeaways from the World's Leading NAD+ Researchers

The NAD for Health conference, top researchers spent three days doing what the NAD+ field needed: having a robust, unfiltered conversation about the science. Here is what they found–promising early...

Nicotinamide Riboside Injections: What Two New Pilot Studies Reveal About Safety

Two first-of-their-kind pilot studies have evaluated the safety of subcutaneous and intramuscular NR injections in humans, and the short-term findings are cautiously encouraging. Learn what the cli...

Can Increasing NAD+ Support Reproductive Health and Fertility?

Emerging research suggests that NAD+, a key molecule for cellular energy and DNA repair, may support reproductive health—from egg and sperm quality to pregnancy outcomes and offspring development. ...

The 14 Hallmarks of Aging: How NAD+ Plays a Role in Every Hallmark

Key Takeaways Aging is a system of biological processes, not isolated events: 14 biological and psychological/social hallmarks interact to drive the aging process. NAD+ is a central hub: A decl...

NR vs. NMN: What the Latest Human Research Actually Shows

Two newly published clinical studies tested NR and NMN head-to-head in humans for the first time. Explore what the latest clinical data reveals about which NAD+ precursor is more effective at incre...

Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride Now Has a USP Monograph—Here’s What That Means

The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) has published a compendial standard for nicotinamide riboside chloride (NRCl), making it one of the only NAD+ precursors to meet pharmacopeial quality benchmark...

What Is a Patent? Types, Uses, and Why They Matter for NAD+

Patents are the foundation of innovation, but understanding what they are and how they work is more nuanced than it may seem. This educational guide breaks down the types of patents, what each prot...

NAD+ IV Therapy vs. NR IV Therapy: What Clinical Research Reveals About Safety, Efficacy, and Why It Matters

NAD+ cannot enter cells directly, and that biological reality has major implications for NAD+ IV therapy. Two clinical studies comparing NR IV and NAD+ IV head-to-head reveal what that means in pra...

Peripheral Artery Disease and NAD+: Mitochondrial Health, Vascular Aging, and Emerging Clinical Evidence

Peripheral artery disease impacts over 200 million people globally, causing pain, reduced mobility, and increased cardiovascular risk. Emerging evidence links NAD+ to improved mitochondrial and vas...