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Liposome Encapsulation Improves Brain Delivery and Neuroprotective Efficacy of Nicotinamide Riboside in Cerebral Ischemia: Preclinical Findings
Synopsis
Although nicotinamide riboside (NR), a vitamin B3–derived NAD+ precursor, has proven neuroprotective effects, its poor ability to cross the blood–brain barrier limits its effectiveness in treating brain diseases such as stroke. This study developed a liposome-encapsulated form of NR (NRC liposomes) to improve its delivery to the brain. When injected intravenously into mice, the liposomal NR showed 2.7 times higher blood concentration and 5.3 times greater total drug exposure compared to standard NR. In both healthy and stroke-affected mice, the liposomal version dramatically increased NR levels in the brain, elevated NAD+ and ATP production, reduced brain infarct size by 35%, and improved neuron survival and behavioral recovery. It also decreased inflammation and glial activation, which are key contributors to post-stroke damage. These findings demonstrate that liposome-based NR delivery significantly boosts its brain penetration and therapeutic potency, offering a promising new approach for stroke treatment and neurorestoration.
Journal
Journal of Neurorestoratology