Genetically Encoded Sensors Measure NAD+/NADH Levels in Cell and Mitochondria Compartments: Preclinical Findings

Synopsis

The balance between oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms of NAD inside cells controls energy and antioxidant status. This ratio differs between mitochondria and cytosol and is important for cell function. Researchers developed a fluorescent biosensor, SoNar, targeted to mitochondria or cytosol, that measures NAD+/NADH ratios in live cells. The sensor showed distinct and rapid changes in each compartment in response to metabolic stress, revealing separate NAD pools. These ratios are influenced by NAD+ precursor availability and disease conditions. This tool enables detailed study of NAD redox balance in different cell compartments, advancing understanding of cellular metabolism and disease.

Journal

Cell Reports Methods