Nicotinamide Riboside Protects Mitochondria and Mitigates Brain Dysfunction in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion: Preclinical Findings

Synopsis

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)—a long-term reduction in blood flow to the brain—is a major cause of vascular dementia (VaD), which leads to memory loss and cognitive decline. This study tested whether nicotinamide riboside (NR), a vitamin B3–derived NAD+ precursor, could protect the brain from CCH-related damage. Rats with CCH were given NR daily for three months, which significantly increased NAD+ levels in both blood and brain tissue. The treatment improved memory and cognitive performance, enhanced brain oxygenation, and reduced neuron loss and structural damage in the hippocampus, a key region for learning and memory. NR also maintained mitochondrial health, prevented excessive mitochondrial fission, and restored autophagy balance, helping cells clear damaged components. These findings suggest that NR supplementation supports brain energy metabolism and protects against cognitive decline, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for vascular dementia and other conditions linked to reduced brain blood flow.

Journal

Biochemical Pharmacology