NAD+ Metabolism and Heart Failure: Review

Synopsis

NAD+, along with its reduced form NADH, is central to energy metabolism and is also the starting point for NADP+ production and a co-substrate for key enzymes that regulate oxidative stress and cell signaling. Low NAD+ and imbalanced NAD+/NADH ratios are common in many heart and metabolic diseases. Boosting NAD+, either by reducing its consumption or increasing its production, has improved heart function in animal studies, but translating these benefits to patients remains challenging. This review covers the latest research on NAD+ in cardiovascular disease, the strategies used to raise its levels, the mechanisms behind its benefits, and the obstacles to bringing NAD-based therapies into clinical use.

JOURNAL

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology