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Human CD157 Enzyme Regulates NAD+ Precursors to Support Metabolism: Preclinical Findings
Synopsis
Human CD157 (hCD157) is an enzyme that helps regulate cell metabolism and immune function and may be linked to neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases. Researchers found that hCD157 breaks down two vitamin-like molecules—nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinic acid riboside (NAR)—which are precursors to NAD+, a key compound for energy production and cell repair. The enzyme releases nicotinamide or nicotinic acid from these molecules, and this activity can be blocked by a specific inhibitor. Detailed studies showed that hCD157 binds NR and slowly processes it through multiple steps, suggesting it may control the availability of NAD+ precursors or act as a sensor for these molecules. Comparing hCD157 to a related enzyme, hCD38, revealed that small structural differences explain why hCD157 prefers certain substrates. Overall, the study provides new insight into how hCD157 could affect metabolism, aging, and immune system regulation.
Journal
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics