Nicotinamide Riboside Increases NAD+ More Than NMN: Clinical Findings

Objectives

To investigate the blood and brain pharmacokinetics of NR and NMN in healthy individuals and PD patients.

Journal

iScience

Key Outcomes

During the pilot portion, NR supplementation did not lead to a detectable increase in blood or brain NAD levels during the 24-hour period.
After 8 days of supplementation, whole blood NAD+ increased by approximately 161% with NR and 69% with NMN (about a 2.3-fold greater increase). Neither precursor significantly increased brain NAD+ levels within this time frame.
After four weeks of supplementation, brain NAD+ levels increased significantly in healthy participants, with a comparable trend observed in PD patients, though it fell short of statistical significance in that group.

Duration

Pilot: 24 hours
Stage 1: 8 days
Stage 2: 4 weeks

Dose

Pilot: 600 mg NR
Stage 1: 1200 mg NR or NMN
Stage 2: 1200 mg NR

Study Design

This Phase I, open-label, pharmacokinetic study was divided into three distinct stages:

Pilot: 24-hour pharmacokinetic study in 1 healthy adult
Stage 1: Open-label, crossover, pharmacokinetic study in 6 healthy adults
Stage 2: Open-label, parallel-group, pharmacokinetic study in 6 healthy adults and 6 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients

See Published Study

Clinical

Differential Effects of NR, NMN, and Nicotinamide on NAD+ and Microbial Metabolism: Clinical Findings

Objectives To compare the effects of NR, NMN, and NAM on NAD+ levels and investigate how gut microbes metabolize each precursor. Journal Nature Metabolism Key Outcomes NR and NMN produced similar...